Why is angular resolution important in phased-array testing?

Angular resolution is crucial in phased-array testing because it directly influences the ability to differentiate between closely spaced flaws within the testing area. In phased-array ultrasonic testing, the angular resolution is determined by the configuration and design of the probe, specifically the number and arrangement of the elements. A higher angular resolution allows for more precise directionality of the ultrasonic beams, which enhances the capability to detect and characterize flaws that are in close proximity to one another.

This improved resolution means that when two flaws are positioned near each other, the system is better equipped to distinguish them as separate entities rather than merging their signals into one, which could lead to inaccurate evaluations of the material's integrity. In practical applications, such as inspecting welds or identifying defects in materials, the ability to resolve closely spaced flaws can be critical for ensuring safety and reliability, thereby making angular resolution a key factor in the effectiveness of phased-array testing.